Energy

This area oversees the generation, transmission, distribution, storage, and utilization of energy, encompassing the power system that drives modern civilization. Power generation includes a wide range of methods, including non-renewable sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy, renewable sources like biomass, hydropower, geothermal, solar, tidal, wave, and wind energy, as well as emerging technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells, plasma gasification, and ocean thermal energy conversion. The power grid is an intricate network of generation facilities, transmission systems, and localized distribution networks that provides efficient delivery of electricity from producers to consumers. Transmission systems transport high-voltage electricity over long distances via power lines, substations, and transformer stations while distribution systems provide localized delivery of electricity to supply homes, businesses, and industries via service lines, poles, and meters. Energy storage systems, spanning chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal technologies, store and release power as needed to maintain grid stability and balance supply and demand. Utilization focuses on maximizing energy efficiency by reducing consumption, integrating conservation practices, and leveraging energy-efficient technologies to optimize the overall energy system.